a) 3(1 - 2x) + 8 = 32
3 - 6x + 8 = 32
- 6x = 32 - 11
x = - 21/6
b) 60 : (3y + 2) = 12
60 = 12 * (3y + 2)
60 = 36y + 24
36y = 36
y = 1
c) 1 - 3(8x - 4) = 1
1 - 24x + 12 = 1
- 24x = - 12 - 1 + 1
x = 12/24 = 1/2
d) 1605 + 4(3 - x) = 2011
1605 + 12 - 4x = 2011
4x = 1617 - 2011
x = - 394/4 = - 197/2